SUPERSTITIONS IN MEXICO

It's part of human the superstitions  and belief that it can bring good luck and bad.
 In many markets stalls herbs, eggs, amulets, prints, candles, powders, charms, images, crosses,
ribbons, skulls, colored stones, bracelets, necklaces and a lot of things that promise health, love,
money and offered a lot more.

• If you want to get money the 'Polvo de ajo macho'' are ideals. To make a excellent business the 'Polvo de Retiro' promises to acclimate the home, office or business and remove the person that makes us bad and hurts us.

• The hummingbirds  are  amulets very effective  to attract love and good luck.
• Walk under a ladder (I'll never marry). 
• Plant hydrangeas in your garden (never marry your daughters). 
• Bump with a black cat (bad luck). 
• Breaking a mirror (bad luck). 
• Stepping on poop (money and good luck). 
• If a dog cries at night howling type (Someone is going to die on the street ) 
• look in a mirror cut (bad luck)
• Open a umbrella inside the house 
• Rabbit's foot (protects you from de bad situations )
• Spill salt (presage of the demonion)
• Believe in Friday 13 (bad luck)
• Cross fingers ( bring good luck to you becouse represent the croos of christ)
• Touch wood ( bring good luck becouse Jesus Christ was crucified on a wooden cross and takes you away from evil)

STUDENT: LILIAN SABINNE DIAZ MONTOYA #10

4.- B T.M

  

MODULE I :
            IMAGINARY SITUATIONS 

GRAMMAR (WOULD) 

AFFIRMATIVE: I'd ( i would) organize a clean up day
NEGATIVE: I wouldn't throw garbage on the streets
QUESTIONS: What would you do to take it a better place? 

EXERCISES: 

1 I would put garbage in the bin

2 I would plant flowers in the square

3 I wouln't cut down trees 

4 I wouls start a community center 

5 I wouldn't spray grafitti on walls

6 I would have police officers

7 I would use more frequently a bike for moving 

8 I would stop drilling oil in the sea

9 I would recycle all plastic bottles 

BETTER NEIGHBORHOODS 

I'd put more trash bins in our local park.

I'd also build a community center.

I wouldn't let people get away with spraying graffitti on walls and buildings.

I'd have more plice officers patrolling the streets

I'd put more street lights in less busy areas

I'd organize more frequent garbage pick-ups.

I'd start a local animal shelter for stray animals.

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GRAMMAR
           CONDITIONAL TYPE 2

FORM

if clause      main clause

If + simple past -> would/could/

                             might + bare   

                             bare 

If we recycled more, there would be less garbage 

NOTE:
We use totalk about imaginary situations in the present/future
and their results 

EXERCISES:

• If everyone put their garbage into bins, there would be less litter on the streets.
• If people used public transportation more frequently, there would be less air pollution.
• If we stop drilling for oil in the sea, there would be fewer oil species.
• If we recycled all our plastics bottles and bags, we would save more landfill space.
• If we didn't cut down trees, animals woulddn't lose their habitat.

1. If we used (use) less packaging, we would create (create) less garbage.
2. If we didn't use (not/use) cars as much, there would be (be) less traffic.
3.  If we bought (buy) fair trade products, we would help (help) poor farmers worldwide.
4.  If you didn't leave (not/leave) the TV on standby all time, you would save (save) energy.
5.  If we cared (care) mre fr our forests, we would protect ( protect) the environment

• If i had enough money, I would put two hospitals.
• If i donated money to charity, I wuld have a poor people live in better situations.
• If  i saw a homeless person in the street, I would give him food and some money.
• If i recycled plastic bottles, i would save the enviroment.
• If i walked instead of taking bus, I would be healtly and tinny.
• If i put my trash in the bin, I would keep the street clean.

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GRAMMAR 

        CONDITIONAL TYPE 1 / 2 (advice)

• If you work hard, you will have a better chance of getting good grades.
   (NOT: If you will hard..)
• If i were you, i'd quit the school team and join a local team instead.

 EXAMPLES:

1. If Bill gets a part-time job, he will earn (earn) extra cash.
2. Unless you study harder, you will fail (fail) your exams.
3. If a teacher was nasty to me, I would complain (complain) about it to the head of the school.
4.  If Kate doesn't get ( not/get) goood grades, she'll upset.
5.  if I had no friends, I would join(join) a club.
6. If i were you  (be) you i'd ask for help.
7. Unless he stops lying about me, i will report (report) hom to the principal.
8. If my friends gossiped (gossip) about me, i'd aks them to stop.

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LILIAN SABINNE DIAZ MONTOYA
4.- B
T.M 

Lilian Diaz

MODULE 3.- I DESCRIBE ACTIVITIES TAKING PLACE AT A SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST

GRAMMAR

PAST PROGRESSIVE

Form: was/were + main verb + -ing

Use: We use the past progressive to talk about actions in progress
tat a certain time in the past. 

AFFIRMATIVE                             NEGATIVE 

I was running                                   I wasn´t running

Your were running                           You weren´t running

He/She/It was running                      He/She/It wasn´t running

We/You/They were running             We/You/They weren´t running 

Time expressions used with the past progressive:
while, when, as, all day/ night/ morning yesterdar etc

Spelling

• verb + -ing ( work- working)
• verb -e + -ing ( dande - dancing)
• 
  
• one syllable verbs ending in vowel + consonant -> double consonant + -ing ( sit - sitting)
• a stressed vwel between two consonant -> double consonant + -ing ( begin - beginning ) BUT ( travel - traveling)

EXERCISE 1

1.- Fall - Falling                    6.-help - helping

2.- Cry - Crying                    7.-hear - hearing

3.- Make - Making               8.-swim - swimming

4.- Sit - Sitting                      9.-watch - watching

5.- See - Seeing                  10.-visit - visiting 

EXERCISE 2 

Put the verb in parentheses into the past progressive

1.- Bob and Sandra were eating (eat) sandwiches. They weren´t playing (not/play) volleyball.

2.- Darren was swimming (swim). He wasn´t walking (not/walk) the dog.

3.- Tina and Sharon were playing (play) volleyball. They weren´t eating (not/eat) sandwiches.

4.- Ryan was walking (walk) the dog. He wasn´t reading (not/read) a book on the beach.

5.- Vicky was reading (read) a book. She wasn´t swimming (not/swim).

EXERCISE 3

Form complete questions

1.- Miss Walters/walk/her dog/ when fire break out?
Was Miss Walters walking her dog whrn the fire broke out?

2.- It/rain? Was it rainning?

3.- people/shout for help? Were people shoutting for help?

4.- Chester/bark widly? Was chester barking wildly?

5.- the fire fighters7 help pleple out of the building? Were the firefighters helping people out of the building?

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GRAMMAR 

PAST PROGRESSIVE VS SIMPLE PAST

PAST PROGRESSIVE

• actions in progress at a stated time in the past. He was driving to work at 9 o clock yesterday afternoon.
• actions that were happening simultaneosly in the past. Bob was walking while Ben was running to catch the bus.
• past action in progress interrupted by another action. The action that interrupted the action in progress is in the simple past. Jenny was having a shower then the phone rang.

SIMPLE PAST 

• action tthat happened at a stated time in the past. He left yesterday afternoon.
• past actions that happened one after the other. She opened the door, went into the office and walked toward the desk.

EXERCISE 1

Put the verb in parenthesis into the simple past or past progressive

Claudia: Ynever guess what happened here yesterday!

Rupert: What? You look quite upset

Claudia: I was working (work) in the garden around 9 in the morning while Fran, my neighbor, was cooking (cook) in the kitchen. While  I was cutting (cut) the hedge, I saw (see) a strange man get into Fran's car and drive away.

Rupert: What did you do (you/do) ?

Claudia: I called Fran. She ran (run) outside at once to see what was going (go) on.

Rupert: Wow! What happened (happen) next?

Claudia: She went (go) inside to call the police. Next thing, we hears a bang!

Rupert: Ohhh noo!

Cladia: The car was spining (spin) out of control, crashed (crash) into a tree and the man hit (hit) his head. They took him to the hospital.

Rupert: Imagine his frisht when tha brakes didn´t work.

Claudia: Well, i guess it serves him right! At least his condition isn´t that serious. 

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GRAMMAR 

ADVERBS

adverbs describe verbs. We usually add ly or -ily to the adjective to form adverbs.
loud - loudly, angry-angrily, beautiful - beautifully.
She speakd loudly

Irregular adverbs: good-well, hard-hard, fast-fast

Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. He works hard at his job 

EXERCISE 1 

1. gentle- gently
2. quick-quickly
3. tight-tightly 
4. greedy- gredily
5. anxious-anxiously
6. careful-carefully

EXERCISE 2

1. He was a careless driver. He drove carelessly.

2. Becky plays loud music. She plays music loudly.

3. It is easy for her to win. She wins easily. 

4. They are good friends. They know each other well.

5. John is bad at paiting. He paints badly.

6. Robert is a slow swimmer. He swins slowly.

7. Martha is a terrible snger. She sigs terribly.

8. Davis is a fast runner. He runs fast.

INTEGRANTE:

Lilian Sabinne Diaz Montoya 
3-B T.N 

GRAMMAR

         Used to  

AFIRMATIVE:                            NEGATIVE:
I/You/He,etc used                        I/You/He,etc didn't use to
to walk to school.                         live in a tall building.

QUESTIONS/SHORT ANSWERS
Did I/You/ He, etc Use to grow food? Yes, I/You/He, etc,
did No I/You/He, etc didn't. We used to for past habits and routines.

EXERCISE... USED TO / DIDN'T USE TO.
When Laura and Sue were six...

1.- they didn't use to have long hair.
2.- they used to play outside.
3.- they used to wear glasses.
4.- they used to go cycling.
5.- they didn't use watch TV all day.

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GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PAST - SIMPLE PRESENT

• We use the simple past for actions which happened at a certain time in the past. The time is stated or implied. They left for America in 1918.
• We use the simple present for repeated actions, permanent states, and habits in the present.
  They go to school every weekday.

EXERCISE:
A) Put the verbs  in parentheses in the simple present or the simple past.

1  A: Does he work (he/work) in a factory?

    B: No, he doesn't. He earns (earn) his living as a shop assistant.

2 A: When did they move to USA?

   B: In 1856, and he found (find) a job in construction.

3 A: Where are the children (the children/be) ?

   B: At the pool. They go (go) there every friday.

4 A: Did you liive (you/live) in a big house when you were a child ?

   B:  No, I didn't (not). We had (have) a small farm and grew (grow) our own vegetables.

5 A: How often does jack visit (Jack/visit) you?

   B: Once a month. He travels (travel) abroad all the time.

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GRAMMAR 

SOME - ANY- A LOT OF- MUCH- MANY

Countabes nouns are nouns we can count.         

an/ one apple- two apples.

I eat a lof of berries 

How many berries did you eat?

• too many
• a lof of / lots of
• some / a few
• not many / very few
• not any

Uncontables nouns are nouns we cannot count

I drink a lot of milk.

How much milk do yo drink?

• too much
• a lot of / lots 
• some / a little
• not much / very little
• not any 

EXERCISE:

A) Choose the correct item.

There are 1) a lot of/ much Aboriginal people in Australia nowadays. Although there were 600 dialects, nowadays there are only 2) a few/ a little left-just 200.  3) Some / Any tribes had  4) a few / a little languages back then. Aborigines developed 5) some / little musical instruments. There was very 6) few / little food so they had to move from one place to another. Their ability to adapt helped them to survive for so 7) many / few years. 

INTEGRANTES:

Lilian Sabinne Diaz Montoya

Camino Marron Beltran

Oscar Gabriel Luna Lucio

3 .- B                     T.M